How to ensure that a PHP file can not be executed directly but just included?

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How to ensure that a PHP file can not be executed directly but just included?

Free programming example written by Anton Zamov

This technique could be useful if you have some files to be included,
and you wish to prevent that they are executed directly by
placing their address in the web browser etc.
You need to add the following lines at the begining of your PHP script:

<?php
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] == $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'])
die("A message ...");

...

?>

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